tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-86172827195318528902024-03-05T15:49:46.837-08:00Mendez v. Westminster caseThis Blog is created to be a useful resource on the 1947 desegregation court case Mendez v. Westminster School District for students and faculty to learn about this very important case for American and California history.
This web log contains a summary of the case, lesson plans, website links, research references, media recommendations, photographs and an historical analysis.Unknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger4125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8617282719531852890.post-59253631521601227302007-10-03T14:27:00.000-07:002007-10-03T20:41:22.684-07:00Mendez v. Westminster Presentation<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxQMtheeF-1Cm4sagQPF0wa2Ppfx1sfL-1w8UF6AbPTOi4tXxL4MjHM19fpdSuALWbGOdRPR7c2_OjPwU2FCdoDvET2dkwuz2FEpCaSQRu6awWaumB_e9rZOSmPJNcImviwuNs8YwzJEjW/s1600-h/NPRphoto.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxQMtheeF-1Cm4sagQPF0wa2Ppfx1sfL-1w8UF6AbPTOi4tXxL4MjHM19fpdSuALWbGOdRPR7c2_OjPwU2FCdoDvET2dkwuz2FEpCaSQRu6awWaumB_e9rZOSmPJNcImviwuNs8YwzJEjW/s320/NPRphoto.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5105760213333844642" border="0" /></a><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);font-family:georgia;" >Mark</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);font-family:georgia;" > your calendar for the upcoming presentation on</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);font-family:georgia;" > the </span><span style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(51, 102, 102);font-family:georgia;" >Mendez v. Westminster</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);font-family:georgia;" > <span style="font-style: italic;">School District</span> case scheduled for Wednesday, October 3, 2007 from 12:30 to</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);font-family:georgia;" > 1:40 p.m. in Montgomery Hall at <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_0">Everg</span></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);font-family:georgia;" ><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_1">reen</span> </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);font-family:georgia;" >Valley College.</span><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);font-family:georgia;" >Guest speakers include:</span><ul style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102); text-align: justify;"><li>Chris Arriola, Deputy District Attorney of Santa Clara County</li><li style="font-family: georgia;">Sylvia Mendez, daughter of the plaintiff named in the lawsuit<br /></li><li><span style="font-family:georgia;">Sandra Robbie, Emmy award winning <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_1">filmmaker</span></span></li></ul></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 153);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255); font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;font-size:100%;" ><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"><span style="color: rgb(204, 102, 0);">Listen to an audio clip of Sylvia Mendez describe how her family sued for desegregation and won at</span> <a href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1784243">http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1784243</a></span></span><br /></div><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"><br />Photo source:</span> <a href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1784243">http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1784243</a></span></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8617282719531852890.post-78665084513588121362007-10-03T08:53:00.000-07:002007-09-03T20:32:35.450-07:00Ruling Gives Children Equal Rights<div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOtjI3gAMB_WfuLpJYX3jui26-0hZ3L_R6uCAge2vt2jGROVoM8Ma5f4HizfE2GP0Us2hf8krAseaEZc38zz2vnPfBJ2bnTSK-EdUEc7a6pvVGOsUaJxCeFktgtVUftoDIvh9pvPa8acUf/s1600-h/HooverClassof'44.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 307px; height: 229px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOtjI3gAMB_WfuLpJYX3jui26-0hZ3L_R6uCAge2vt2jGROVoM8Ma5f4HizfE2GP0Us2hf8krAseaEZc38zz2vnPfBJ2bnTSK-EdUEc7a6pvVGOsUaJxCeFktgtVUftoDIvh9pvPa8acUf/s320/HooverClassof'44.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5104639050775929218" border="0" /></a><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);font-family:georgia;" ></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);font-family:georgia;" > Historically, the Supreme Court's decision </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);font-family:georgia;" >in the 1896 </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);font-family:georgia;" ><span style="font-style: italic;"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_0"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_0">Plessy</span></span> v. Ferguson</span> case, racial segregation became the law of the land as the ruling claimed "separate but equal" public facilities would be established. The assumption was that public facilities would be separate but equal on all counts. In education, it was common practice to have separate schools for African Americans or Mexican Americans and Anglos. The <span style="font-style: italic;">Mendez v. Westminster School District</span> case (1947) was a monumental step forward to end segregation of Mexican American school children in California.</span><br /></div><br /><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);font-family:georgia;" >At the turn of the century, Mexican American children in the Southwest often were separated from Anglo school children and segregated into "Mexican" schools. The Mexican schools were typically shacks or barns rather than equal institutional structures to that of "Anglo" schools. The Mexican schools were commonly unequal in books, desks, school supplies, and they were often given the used, damaged and outdated books from the Anglo schools.<br /><br />In 1945, Mexican parents tried to enroll their children into the Main Street Elementary School located in the Westminster School District, Orange County, California. Main Street School was an Anglo school not an integrated school. The children were turned away from the school and sent to Hoover School <span style="color: rgb(204, 102, 0);">(see photograph above)</span>, a "Mexican" elementary school.<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-weight: bold;font-size:85%;" > </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);font-size:100%;" >One such family was the <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_1"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_1">Mendezes</span></span> <span style="color: rgb(204, 102, 0);">(see photograph below)</span>. As the Mendez parents, Gonzalo and <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_2"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_2">Felicitas</span></span>, attempted to enroll their children at the Main Street School their children were refused admission because they were Mexican. <span style="color: rgb(204, 102, 0);">Listen to Sylvia Mendez recall her experience as a child attending a Mexican School at </span><a href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1784243">http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?Id=1784243</a>.<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">1</span><br /><br /></span></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijS2kvu6uBa56OZetHJg8nPOob-Ocwy3TrMD1GBYCVHuaQWuPXJwaRFOpAz11MnepHegWjhhfNcvT5KnJ3m-am-sboVBC728zOwrGaa8fsX6VXPQwG1O_SloUL-h8pYit_L1_mKIOL1fs6/s1600-h/FelicitasGonzalo.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 235px; height: 172px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijS2kvu6uBa56OZetHJg8nPOob-Ocwy3TrMD1GBYCVHuaQWuPXJwaRFOpAz11MnepHegWjhhfNcvT5KnJ3m-am-sboVBC728zOwrGaa8fsX6VXPQwG1O_SloUL-h8pYit_L1_mKIOL1fs6/s320/FelicitasGonzalo.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5105445336396472770" border="0" /></a><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);font-family:georgia;" >Led by the <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_3"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_3">Mendezes</span></span>, the parents of the Mexican American children, united against segregation in their school district and community. Filing a class action lawsuit on behalf of 5,000 </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);font-family:georgia;" >families, the Mexican parents disputed against four school districts, including Westminster and Santa Ana, in the Los Angeles federal court for segregating their children. The case became known as the <span style="font-style: italic;">Mendez v. Westminster School District</span>. </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);font-family:georgia;" >The Mendez's counsel, David Marcus, a Los Angeles attorney was sought and funded by the League of United Latin American Citizens (<span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_4"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_4">LULAC</span></span>). Marcus argued in court for desegregation of California's schools "on the grounds that perpetuation of school admissions on the basis of race or nationality violated the Fifth and </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);font-family:georgia;" >Fourteenth Amendments of the National Constitution."<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">2</span> </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">In response, the defendants argued that Mexican children were unfit and incapable to attend the "Anglo" school.<br /><br />The defense claimed that the Mexican American children possessed contagious diseases, had poor moral habits, were inferior in their personal hygiene, spoke only Spanish and lacked English speaking skills. Thus, the children are unqualified to attend Anglo schools and facilities. Despite much opposition from the Anglo Orange County community and school districts, in 1946, federal judge Paul J. McCormick ruled in favor</span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZsbj0iobrgjoVvwCqYPeuWhjakKpxH_4d6HO3M6fOECWkjDWJ7A0vxaHYh8xA2KSk_ayJcRMSUf04LSZp60Me8cWA-dpl5azAAQl_C0ypgJf1ocyY1Nn_5ibTMRZoZ80lIfvHNBVND2oF/s1600-h/schoolchildren.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 177px; height: 191px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZsbj0iobrgjoVvwCqYPeuWhjakKpxH_4d6HO3M6fOECWkjDWJ7A0vxaHYh8xA2KSk_ayJcRMSUf04LSZp60Me8cWA-dpl5azAAQl_C0ypgJf1ocyY1Nn_5ibTMRZoZ80lIfvHNBVND2oF/s320/schoolchildren.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5105650296530805314" border="0" /></a><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"> of <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_5"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_5">Mendezes</span></span> and the co-plaintiffs. McCormick</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"> found that '"the segregation of Mexican Americans in public schools was a violation of the state law"" and unconstitutional under the Fourteenth Amendment because of the denial of due process and equal protection.</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-size:85%;" >3</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"> Thus, McCormick struck down systematic segregation in public schools in California.</span></div><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);font-family:georgia;" >Shortly after Judge McCormick's ruling, in April of 1947 the defense sought to appeal the decision claiming the federal court did not have the authority in this matter. Simultaneously, the plaintiffs bulked up on their representation for the Court of Appeals proceeding. With financial support from <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_6"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_6">LULAC</span></span> and continued legal representation from Marcus, the plaintiffs counsel included support from several multiracial organizations, such as, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, American Jewish Congress, American Civil Liberties Union, and the Japanese American Citizens League. Interestingly, NAACP Attorney <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_7"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_7">Thurgood</span></span> Marshall honed his skills in the <span style="font-style: italic;">Mendez</span> case as he would later pursue desegregation for African Americans in the <span style="font-style: italic;">Brown v. the Board of Education</span> (1954) in seven years.<br /></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz5el2pPnMSRn1VmO0ZXabYVvLsthxHfqWNPhq-ONTzrJDe7BzVVfBn32QEDGCGtTM66fiDwfv7qXyVmzPCAHpfD8Qu9qIEatvSYzj0vzgMXM4LqVnov6LsPAaT6_X1rHJgZHdW7Zi6SkP/s1600-h/RulingforMexChildLATimes.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 221px; height: 269px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz5el2pPnMSRn1VmO0ZXabYVvLsthxHfqWNPhq-ONTzrJDe7BzVVfBn32QEDGCGtTM66fiDwfv7qXyVmzPCAHpfD8Qu9qIEatvSYzj0vzgMXM4LqVnov6LsPAaT6_X1rHJgZHdW7Zi6SkP/s320/RulingforMexChildLATimes.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5104648461049274786" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);font-family:georgia;" >Successfully, the legal dream team of the <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_8"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_8">Mendezes</span></span> defeated the defense as the Court of Appeals supported Judge McCormick's earlier decision which claimed the segregation of Mexican American children violated the Fourteenth Amendment. McCormick's decision ushered in the end of segregation and a new bill, entitled "The Anderson Bill." The Bill passed the California Assembly and the Senate and was signed into law by California Governor Earl Warren in June of 1947. By September of 1947, Mexican American children were able to attend integrated schools in Orange County. The <span style="font-style: italic;">Mendez v. Westminster School District</span> case broke down legalized segregation and illuminated conditions of systematic racism and discrimination which was prevalent not only in California but the rest of the country.<br /></span><br /><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">1 "'Before 'Brown v. The Board of Education.'" <span style="font-style: italic;">Claudio Sanchez</span>. Natl. Public Radio. 22 Mar. 2004, 30 Aug. 2007, <a href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyID=1784243">http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1784243</a>.</span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:georgia;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">2. "A History of Mexican American Schools in California." Historic Sites. 17 Nov. 2004. 30 Aug. 2007, <a href="http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/5views/5views5h99.htm">http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/5views/5views5h99.htm</a></span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">3 Ruiz, Vicki. "We Tell Our Children They are Americans." <span style="font-style: italic;">The Brown Quarterly</span>. 6:3 (2004) 30 Aug. 2007, </span><a style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);" href="http://brownvboard.org/brwnqurt/06-3">http://brownboard.org/brwnqurt/06-3.</a></span><br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_9"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_9">Felicitas</span></span> and Gonzalo Mendez photo source:</span> <a href="http://www.chicano.ucla.edu/center/events/052104_mendez.html">http://www.chicano.ucla.edu/center/events/052104_mendez.html</a><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">School children photo source: </span><a href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1784243">http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?Id=1784243</a><br /></span></span></div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8617282719531852890.post-21910866733648722792007-08-27T14:45:00.001-07:002007-09-21T10:12:51.610-07:00Historical Perspective<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjaHEIa1tFLJHzN2LlQB-CWpr9GUKZvOSKLZLFlqZ8B03rXjQMMxwESF0sEKEFket4HkIglPuooykI441d4UD2Iy_L7Cp648DuypLqY-OHPF_7_juciN-WTG2QNEQMsJXcfN2Jr8416Or0/s1600-h/HispanicSchool1923.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjaHEIa1tFLJHzN2LlQB-CWpr9GUKZvOSKLZLFlqZ8B03rXjQMMxwESF0sEKEFket4HkIglPuooykI441d4UD2Iy_L7Cp648DuypLqY-OHPF_7_juciN-WTG2QNEQMsJXcfN2Jr8416Or0/s320/HispanicSchool1923.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5104884800214671794" border="0" /></a><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">The 1923 class photo to </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">the left is an image of Sycamore School, a "Mexican" school in Orange County,</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">California</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">. Mexican American students attended a segregated school which was nicknamed the "Barn." In accordance with the Supreme Court's ruling in </span><span style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_0"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_0"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_0">Plessy</span></span></span> v. Ferguson</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">, segregated schools were commonplace in the early to mid</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"> 1900s.</span><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">Throughout American history issues of racial equality and educational opportunity have been disputed. </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">Interestingly, the 1947 <span style="font-style: italic;">Mendez v. Westminster School District</span> nor the infamous 1954 <span style="font-style: italic;">Brown v. the Board of Education</span> were the first cases for desegregation of public schools. </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">The following bullet points highlight several desegregation court cases both before and after <span style="font-style: italic;">Mendez</span> and <span style="font-style: italic;">Brown</span>:</span><ul style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;"><li>Roberts v. Boston--Massachusetts State Supreme Court case, 1850</li></ul><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"> Five-year-old, African American, Sarah Roberts, had to walk past five "Anglo" schools to get to the "colored" school. Attempting to enroll in an Anglo school, she was refused entry into an elementary school that was much closer to her home in Massachusetts</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">. With support from </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">the</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"> African American community, Sarah's father filed a lawsuit against the city to end </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">segregation in</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"> public schools. However, the ruling in </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">the Massachusetts</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"> State Supreme Court took the side of the school district and allowed it to segregate in schools as it saw fit.</span><br /><ul style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;"><li><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_1"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_1"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_1">Plessy</span></span></span> v. Ferguson--U. S. Supreme Court case, 1896</li></ul><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">Homer </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_2"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_2"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_2">Plessy</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">, a </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">biracial</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"> man, attempted to sit in the white section of a </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">railroad</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"> car in Louisiana. When </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_3"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_3"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_3">Plessy</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"> refused to move out of the white</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"> section, he was forcibly removed and jailed. </span><a style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_wn9VwsrTzUMLOz0-5BdiVfA4BX7SH14eX_O6gIARDHQrHOPU28pxUctgw9oGz39WKx0NX0QPmiHAeUa24V0jBVkSfZZNiWfp6Ej8pIHq0gqeP5qcnzCYSQkCkpEQyS5Bn3pd88-maz3D/s1600-h/plessy2.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 187px; height: 188px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_wn9VwsrTzUMLOz0-5BdiVfA4BX7SH14eX_O6gIARDHQrHOPU28pxUctgw9oGz39WKx0NX0QPmiHAeUa24V0jBVkSfZZNiWfp6Ej8pIHq0gqeP5qcnzCYSQkCkpEQyS5Bn3pd88-maz3D/s320/plessy2.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5105448823909917138" border="0" /></a><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">According to the 1890 Louisiana Separate Car Act, </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_4"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_4"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_4">Plessy</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"> would have been required to sit in a separate </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">railroad car for "colored" passengers regardless if he was biracial. </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_5"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_5"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_5">Plessy</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"> claimed that the Louisiana Separate Car Act violated the Thirteenth and Fourteenth</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"> <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_6"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_6"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_6">Amendme</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_7"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_7"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_7">nts</span></span></span>, and filed a lawsuit. The </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">Louisiana</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"> courts, however, favored the Louisiana Separate Car Act as they claimed it was not in conflict with the Amendments.</span><br /><br />In 1896, </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_8"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_8"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_8">Plessy</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"> took his case to the U. S. Supreme Court. The Supreme Court concurred with the Louisiana courts and ruled against </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_9"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_9"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_9">Plessy</span></span></span>. It</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"> claimed that the </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">Louisiana</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"> Separate Act did not violate </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_10"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_10"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_10">Plessy's</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"> rights as long as t</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">he separate cars were equal to one </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">another</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">. The decision approved </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_11"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_11"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_11">de</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_12"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_12"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_12">jure</span></span></span> </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">segregation of races in</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">transportation, public facilities, accommodations, schools, theaters, and restaurants.</span><ul style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);"><li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Gong <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_13"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_13"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_13">Lum</span></span></span> v. Rice--U. S. Supreme Court case, 1927</span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEia8rnZFpsC-mu3zKZA2g65VYa_vsZiIZBgtiQe5fBCzcxJUtG0LVybrGWCuWeDriAV6cWXwMUKhf5U-icgcsuTD8TRsA8x9tpJFTkN-dtbs2HmQSJSYEM-ikP0570cEfzxpSNdZFi_f0JX/s1600-h/photo_gong_lum.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 207px; height: 144px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEia8rnZFpsC-mu3zKZA2g65VYa_vsZiIZBgtiQe5fBCzcxJUtG0LVybrGWCuWeDriAV6cWXwMUKhf5U-icgcsuTD8TRsA8x9tpJFTkN-dtbs2HmQSJSYEM-ikP0570cEfzxpSNdZFi_f0JX/s320/photo_gong_lum.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5105449966371217906" border="0" /></a></li></ul><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">Nine-year-old, Martha </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_14"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_14"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_14">Lum</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">, a Chinese American, enrolled in a public school</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"> in Mississippi.</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"> Shortly after enrolling, the Superintendent of the school district told Martha</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"> that </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">she </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">could not attend the school as she was not Anglo nor could she return the </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">following</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"> day. Shortly after, her </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">father</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">, Gong <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_15"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_15"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_15">Lum</span></span></span>, filed a lawsuit against the school board, cl</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">aiming that Martha</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"> was not colored, was Chinese American, and that she should be able to attend the Anglo school. Her father, took the case to the <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_16">Mississippi</span> State <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_17">Supreme</span> Court. The ruling favored the school board, however. Undaunted, the <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_18"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_16"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_16">Lums</span></span></span>, took their case to the U. S. Supreme Court. Yet Chief Justice William Howard Taft supported the decision of the Mississippi State Supreme Court. He ruled that Martha could not be <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_19">classified</span> as white, and she could only attend a "colored" public school.</span><br /><br /><ul><li><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Roberto Alvarez v. The Board of Trustees of the Lemon Grove School District--San Diego Superior Court case, 1931</span><br /></li></ul><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCiHfi02HFublkowWm8xhEPk9VfYACy-9FbzzTW8MwwlArtnIQ44aW6cpNUaSoujypdAG94mBC0QzLHAZPhO3Zn9G40a3KakSF56Jjz-MToHB4Sy1Te7ZTno6z-u733g0XzTlXshImnGhR/s1600-h/LemonGroveClassPhotoPlaintiffinPhoto.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCiHfi02HFublkowWm8xhEPk9VfYACy-9FbzzTW8MwwlArtnIQ44aW6cpNUaSoujypdAG94mBC0QzLHAZPhO3Zn9G40a3KakSF56Jjz-MToHB4Sy1Te7ZTno6z-u733g0XzTlXshImnGhR/s200/LemonGroveClassPhotoPlaintiffinPhoto.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5105977246621246146" border="0" /></a><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">Seventy-five first generation Mexican American students attended Lemon Grove Grammar School in 1930. In that year, the Anglo school board of Lemon Grove School District met on several occasions to discuss the need for a separate school for Mexican American children. Yet the Mexican parents were not invited nor notified of these meetings.<br /><br />At the beginning of the school day on January 5, 1931, Principal Jerome T. Green welcomed all children into the <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_17">school</span> except the Mexican American children. Directed by the school trustees, Principal Green told the Mexican American children that they could no longer attend Lemon Grove Grammar School. Instead they had to attend a separate school. The separate "Mexican" school was a two room building which was nicknamed, "La <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_20"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_18"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_17">Caballeriza</span></span></span>" or the barnyard. Instead of going to the "Mexican" school the children returned to their homes.</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">The Mexican parents refused to allow their children to attend the "Mexican" school. The parents petitioned the courts to reinstate their children into Lemon Grove Grammar School as they found the exclusion of their children had been an attempt at racial segregation. The San Diego Supreme Court Judge Claude Chambers found for the plaintiffs. Judge Chambers stated that the Lemon Grove School Board members had illegally condoned racial segregation and all Mexican American students were ordered back to Lemon Grove Grammar School. In addition, Judge Chambers declared that segregation in the school district had no legal basis. <span style="color: rgb(204, 102, 0);">Listen to an NPR audio clip at </span><a href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1176193">http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1176193</a></span><br /><br /><ul style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;"><li>Brown v. Board of Education--U. S. Supreme Court case, 1954</li></ul><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">Seven-year-old Linda Brown had to walk one mile and across a railroad </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_21"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_19"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_18">switchyard</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"> to get to her "colored"</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"> elementary school in Topeka, Kansas. Yet an all-white school was only a few blocks from her home. Her father, Oliver Brown, attempted to enroll his daughter into the white school near their home, but the school principal refused for Linda to be enrolled because she was black.<br /><br />The Brown</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"> family, along with support from the black </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">community</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"> and the National Association f</span><a style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUBn4VH-W9oA2yTK2cYSHilAqIR_eutRwrn-iEfEb66yJDlBoTUL5A-7K7xZmZsPOcAFFe9g1MkdPEbWdaFIb_f8A_XAzY0SIVcXwnfv6HYzGhQqAcjYUPJRaYPES8hf-4prr42FbfPXio/s1600-h/LindaBrownasChild.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 223px; height: 144px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUBn4VH-W9oA2yTK2cYSHilAqIR_eutRwrn-iEfEb66yJDlBoTUL5A-7K7xZmZsPOcAFFe9g1MkdPEbWdaFIb_f8A_XAzY0SIVcXwnfv6HYzGhQqAcjYUPJRaYPES8hf-4prr42FbfPXio/s320/LindaBrownasChild.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5105654454059147858" border="0" /></a><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">or the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) filed a lawsuit against The Board of Education. One of the lead lawyers for the case was </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_22"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_20"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_19">NAACP's</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">, </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_23"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_21"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_20">Thurgood</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"> Marshall. Marshall gained experience in the desegregation case <span style="font-style: italic;">Mendez v. Westminster </span>seven years prior. </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"><br /><br />The <span style="font-style: italic;">Brown</span> case would </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">eventually</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"> make its way to the U. S. Supreme Court. Marshall pushed for the court to overturn the precedent that was established in </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102); font-style: italic;"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_24"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_22"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_21">Plessy</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"><span style="font-style: italic;"> v. Ferguson</span> (1896), </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">allowing for "separate but </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">equal" public facilities. </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">In 1954, the Supreme Court, led by Chief Justice Earl Warren found for the plaintiffs and in a monumental decision overturned </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102); font-style: italic;"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_25"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_23"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_22">Plessy</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"><span style="font-style: italic;"> v. Ferguson. </span>Chief Justice Warren<span style="font-style: italic;"> </span>claimed that "Separate educational </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">facilities</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"> are </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">inherently</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"> unequal," and the ruling had violated the Fourteenth Amendment.<br /><br />The decision paved the way for integration. However, the Supreme Court failed to mandate a timeline and instead claimed that public school desegregation was to be implemented with "all deliberate speed." Countless states refused to follow the Court and declared the decision void or simply had schools close their doors rather than implement integration. The ruling would later help light the fire of the Civil Rights Movement and black pride. </span><br /><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"><br /></span><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"><span style="font-size:85%;">Mexican school photo source: <a href="http://cityoforange.org/localhistory/CypressStreetBarrio/buildings.htm">http://www.cityoforange.org/localhistory/CypressStreetBarrio/buildings.htm</a><br /><br />Cartoon of <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_26"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_24"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_23">Plessy</span></span></span> v. Ferguson source: <a href="http://us.history.wisc.edu/hist102/weblect/lec02/plessy2.jpg">http://us.history.wisc.edu/hist102/weblect/lec02/plessy2.jpg</a><br /><br />Gong <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_27"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_25"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_24">Lum</span></span></span> family photo source: <a href="http://www.brownvboard.info/photos/photo_gong_lum.jpg">http://www.brownvboard.info/photos/photo_gong_lum.jpg</a><br /><br />1928 Lemon Grove Grammar School photo source: <a href="http://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/86spring/lemongroveimages.htm">http://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/86spring/lemongroveimages.htm</a><br /><br />Linda Brown and female classmate photo source: <a href="http://www.pressrecord.com/politic/img/rights/brown.jpg">http://www.pressrecord.com/politic/img/rights/brown.jpg</a><br /></span></span></div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8617282719531852890.post-80319662337819132912007-06-10T14:23:00.000-07:002007-10-04T09:10:38.267-07:00Lesson Plans Based on Your Time<span style="color: rgb(153, 51, 0); font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-style: italic;">Mendez v. Westminster School District</span> (1947) </span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"><span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">Learning Outcomes:</span></span></span><br /><ol style="text-align: justify;"><li style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">To demonstrate an understanding of the role of the state and federal judiciary in issues of racial equality in relation to educational opportunity prior to the <span style="font-style: italic;">Mendez v. Westminster</span> decision.</li><li style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">To demonstrate an understanding why matters of racial equality and educational opportunity were controversial issues throughout United States history.</li></ol><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"><span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">If you have </span></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"><span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">half of a day . . .</span></span></div><ul style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102); text-align: justify;"><li>Begin with the activity entitled "Class Discussion Questions." Ask the students to respond to the questions in an open discussion. Simply click on the <a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0GbQVZd1559SCpKNy_INJYlJ0zoaZW7PdJ7EdP7ckhDVrAmBsVjYGJbTHd4bY4tYChT8XQF8CkQmySFh-16g10YiCozGEOn6bk6qAovVtNS01zfmGW2Efr5dl98vEieG-Symw30g5qUAX/s1600-h/Class+Discussion+Questions.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 140px; height: 147px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0GbQVZd1559SCpKNy_INJYlJ0zoaZW7PdJ7EdP7ckhDVrAmBsVjYGJbTHd4bY4tYChT8XQF8CkQmySFh-16g10YiCozGEOn6bk6qAovVtNS01zfmGW2Efr5dl98vEieG-Symw30g5qUAX/s320/Class+Discussion+Questions.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5105755102322762386" border="0" /></a>document to the left and print out copies for the class.<br /></li></ul><ul style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102); text-align: justify;"><li>Have students read the <span style="font-style: italic;">Los Angeles Times</span> article entitled "Ruling Gives Mexican Children Equal Rig<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYb422TvtScdCrboYk-ZpdihBs74QtUo5WhXKZbSVk1jVlpKw8YuQZ91zR87TmdbodvODmbcUWlJQlNCLIKMg1d6bhzn8f4s_-KyY5DTbcN1SFastMCRBHyoJGzdyChu5zNaOCY8uKh-ho/s1600-h/RulingforMexChildLATimes.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYb422TvtScdCrboYk-ZpdihBs74QtUo5WhXKZbSVk1jVlpKw8YuQZ91zR87TmdbodvODmbcUWlJQlNCLIKMg1d6bhzn8f4s_-KyY5DTbcN1SFastMCRBHyoJGzdyChu5zNaOCY8uKh-ho/s200/RulingforMexChildLATimes.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5105965684569285298" border="0" /></a>hts." Click on the article to enlarge for printing. Students will identify the arguments for each side and predict the outcome.</li></ul><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"><span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">If you have </span></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"><span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">one day . . .</span></span><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">Complete all of the activities for the half day.</li></ul><ul><li><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">View the Emmy-award winning documentary (30 minutes), "Mendez v. Westminster: For all the </span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrAqp7mDT6Z9H7GlpEF35mO_rSqepuFC9GQ3gVNQJSdLZFi5XnNgBENa3BF1cSikdQJY_vJ6qQNYLvyvyK49qUjnucJ8-kJ4ee0tlDStk8Zs1S1nHVgdLVoz1WFJI_2xXLygOt4-HLg9T4/s1600-h/MendezFilmanalysisWorksheet1.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrAqp7mDT6Z9H7GlpEF35mO_rSqepuFC9GQ3gVNQJSdLZFi5XnNgBENa3BF1cSikdQJY_vJ6qQNYLvyvyK49qUjnucJ8-kJ4ee0tlDStk8Zs1S1nHVgdLVoz1WFJI_2xXLygOt4-HLg9T4/s200/MendezFilmanalysisWorksheet1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5117319062006884706" border="0" /></a><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">Children/Para Todos Los Ninos."</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"> Have students </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">complete the </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">"Mendez </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">Film</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"> Analysis</span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibhXBftCswMOQGxU9-boO4xPwCmNPRxHngTcvW_cSL3mmdmfFYFUhSza0F5JKF4qNLtkiGXU2F2CEi0lBnOClfmXm1_yjg7R8tXXsYGvtkdi12TBxdbzSkvRAiHaK0DQzdNhRjyjeq6RNo/s1600-h/MendezFilmanalysisWorksheet2.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibhXBftCswMOQGxU9-boO4xPwCmNPRxHngTcvW_cSL3mmdmfFYFUhSza0F5JKF4qNLtkiGXU2F2CEi0lBnOClfmXm1_yjg7R8tXXsYGvtkdi12TBxdbzSkvRAiHaK0DQzdNhRjyjeq6RNo/s200/MendezFilmanalysisWorksheet2.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5117319246690478450" border="0" /></a><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"> Worksheet" </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">provided. </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">Click on the </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">two pages and</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"> print out copies.</span></li></ul><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">I</span><span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">f you have two days . . .</span> </div><ul style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102); text-align: justify;"><li>Complete all of the activities for the half and first days.</li></ul><ul style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"><li>View a video on an additional desegregation court case in California. The <a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYEhrRUkvuwXPSMkxYSJR644C2ZGEAvwT26i5k5B0hdxRb4-7YzS7vfC-MBuAI1I_GBTbA0FsRXw6eB5zZ3wzfjyiXSBJmkENkSL0eZrGXVfg7yjOA46gR8lxQdZEevpYF1gE8o3Mk2nFP/s1600-h/LemonGroveWorksheet1.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYEhrRUkvuwXPSMkxYSJR644C2ZGEAvwT26i5k5B0hdxRb4-7YzS7vfC-MBuAI1I_GBTbA0FsRXw6eB5zZ3wzfjyiXSBJmkENkSL0eZrGXVfg7yjOA46gR8lxQdZEevpYF1gE8o3Mk2nFP/s200/LemonGroveWorksheet1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5117334772997253506" border="0" /></a>film is entitled "The Lemon Grove Incident" and is approximately 58 minutes in length. Have students complete the "Lemon Grove Incident Film Analysis Worksheet." The two page<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBtom9HNpfGfUdgRVDS28GLiBGx5zQo4RbSOuy24uiUKnbHhwwpki6RbV-SCvbfAIroDlplbgeVWZzvmHkSdndSLHEEAlWUWZbbKjn_F1uha8Q4U50tOsKcd6VcW5Y3O2Yjyi_yfjwCimf/s1600-h/LemonGroveWorksheet2.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBtom9HNpfGfUdgRVDS28GLiBGx5zQo4RbSOuy24uiUKnbHhwwpki6RbV-SCvbfAIroDlplbgeVWZzvmHkSdndSLHEEAlWUWZbbKjn_F1uha8Q4U50tOsKcd6VcW5Y3O2Yjyi_yfjwCimf/s200/LemonGroveWorksheet2.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5117335065055029650" border="0" /></a> worksheet is available to download to the right.</li></ul><ul style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102); text-align: justify;"><li>Next, have students read and discuss the "Historical Perspective" section in this Blog. Analyze the key points of each segregation court case and its ruling.</li></ul><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102); font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">If you have three days,</span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBtom9HNpfGfUdgRVDS28GLiBGx5zQo4RbSOuy24uiUKnbHhwwpki6RbV-SCvbfAIroDlplbgeVWZzvmHkSdndSLHEEAlWUWZbbKjn_F1uha8Q4U50tOsKcd6VcW5Y3O2Yjyi_yfjwCimf/s1600-h/LemonGroveWorksheet2.jpg"></a><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">Complete all of the activities from the half, first and second days.</li></ul><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">Have students get into groups, read and</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"> discuss the 10 page transcripts of the U. S. Circuit Court of Appeals for the <span style="font-style: italic;">Mendez</span> case. The transcripts are available to download at <a href="http://tcla.gseis.ucla.edu/equalterms/history/pdf/mendez.pdf">http://tcla.gseis.ucla.edu/equalterms/history/pdf/mendez.pdf</a></span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">Download the "Written Document Analysis Worksheet" for each group to complete. The Worksheet is available to download at <a href="http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/worksheets/document.html">http://archives.gov/education/lessons/worksheets/document.html</a></span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">For homework, have students study one photograph or cartoon from this Blog. Students will complete the "Photo Analysis Worksheet" or "Cartoon Analysis Worksheet" on the photo or cartoon that they choose. The Worksheets can be downloaded and printed at</span> <a href="http://archives.gov/education/lessons/worksheets/photo.html">http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/worksheets/photo.html</a> <span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);">and</span> </li></ul><br /><a href="http://archives.gov/education/lessons/worksheets/cartoon.html"> http://archives.gov/education/lessons/worksheets/cartoon.html</a>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com4